Which of the following is included in the definition of banks and other financial institutions?

The correct choice identifies insurance companies as part of the definition of banks and other financial institutions. This is because both banks and insurance companies play essential roles in the financial system, facilitating the flow of funds and providing financial services to individuals and businesses.

Banks primarily deal with deposits, loans, and the management of payment systems, while insurance companies provide risk management through the coverage of potential financial losses. Both entities are regulated and operate under similar financial laws, making them integral components of the broader financial sector.

In contrast, retail shops, manufacturing companies, and real estate firms do not primarily engage in financial services. Instead, they focus on selling goods, producing products, and managing properties, respectively. These entities have distinct functions in the economy, separate from the roles that banks and insurance companies fulfill.